The Use of Soil Conditioners to Ensure a Sustainable Wheat Yield under Water Deficit Conditions by Enhancing the Physiological and Antioxidant Potentials

Traditional mulch material (farmyard manure) has long been used in agriculture. However, recent developments have also introduced the scientific community and farmers to advanced chemicals such as potassium polyacrylamide (KPAM), which revolutionised concept of soil water-holding capacity many compared with other materials being used. To compare effect different organic inorganic amendment under water stress conditions, a two-year (2018 2019) field study was conducted. The main plots consisted irrigation treatments, i.e., I0 (control irrigation), I1 (drought-induced by skipping at 4th leaf stage), I2 anthesis stage). subplots included control treatment amended conditioners (KPAM, 30 kg/ha), farmyard manure (FYM, 4 tons/ha), biochar (10 tons/ha); these were mixed thoroughly before sowing. results showed significant reduction relation parameters (water potential up 35.77% relative content 21%), gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation rate 28.85%, stomatal conductance 43.18%, transpiration 49.07%), yield attributes (biological 8.45% grain 32.22%) drought conditions. In addition, induced an increase synthesis osmoprotectants (proline 77.74%, total soluble sugars 27.43%, free amino acids 11.73%). Among all used, KPAM significantly reduced negative effects on wheat plants. Thus, it could be concluded that use is promising method for dealing consequences achieving sustainable crop yields.